Corrections, Retractions, and Errata

Conference Proceedings in Science and Management (CPSM) corrects the published record openly and follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines. A published paper is never deleted or silently altered. Every change is made through one of the four notices below, and every notice receives its own Crossref DOI and is linked both ways with the paper it concerns.

Notice	Used when	Issued by
Erratum	An error was introduced by the series during copyediting, typesetting, or publication	The series
Correction	An error by the authors affects the reading of the paper but not its main conclusions	The series, at the request of the authors, volume editors, or a reader
Expression of concern	There is credible evidence of a problem, but an investigation is not yet complete	The Editor-in-Chief
Retraction	The findings cannot be relied on, or misconduct has been established	The Editor-in-Chief

Errata and Corrections

The notice names the paper by title, authors, and DOI, states what was wrong, and gives the correct information. The original paper stays online with a visible link to the notice. Where the error is in the PDF, a corrected PDF may replace the original, and the change and its date are recorded on the landing page.

Expressions of Concern

An expression of concern is published while an investigation is open, for example into possible data fabrication, an unresolved authorship dispute, or doubt about ethical approval. It is updated when the investigation ends, and either withdrawn or replaced by a correction or a retraction.

Retractions

A paper is retracted for any of the following:

plagiarism, including unattributed reuse of the authors' own earlier work;
fabricated or falsified data or images;
duplicate publication;
manipulated peer review, fake reviewers, or evidence of a paper mill;
authorship obtained by purchase, gift, or ghost-writing;
undisclosed conflicts of interest that affected the work;
research carried out without required ethical approval or consent; or
honest error serious enough that the conclusions no longer stand.

The Editor-in-Chief decides on retraction after hearing from the authors and the volume editors, and, where misconduct is alleged, the authors' institutions. The retraction notice states the reason and who asked for it. The paper stays online, marked "Retracted" on its landing page and on every page of the PDF, so that the record and its citation history are preserved. Where misconduct is established, the authors' institutions and funders are informed.

Removal of a paper from the site, leaving only its metadata and the notice, happens only where the paper is defamatory, infringes someone's legal rights, is the subject of a court order, or could cause serious harm if followed.

Reporting a Problem

Anyone may report an error or an integrity concern about a CPSM paper by writing to info@shoramedits.com. Please give the title and DOI of the paper, describe the problem, attach any evidence, and say how we can reach you. Reports are acknowledged within five working days. The person reporting is kept informed, and their identity is not disclosed to the authors without their consent.

Permanence of Notices

Notices are part of the permanent record. A notice is changed only by publishing a further notice that explains the change.